توفر التوصيات الواردة في هذه الإرشادات إرشادات شاملة مبنية على الأدلة حول كيفية ممارسة الإبلاغ عن المخاطر في حالات الطوارئ. وتوجه التوصيات أيضًا البلدان حول بناء القدرات للإبلاغ عن المخاطر أثناء حالات الطوارئ الصحية.
قم بتنزيل الإرشادات الكاملة:
Communication du risque pendant les urgences sanitaires Directives stratégiques et pratiques de l’OMS pour la communication sur les risques en situation d’urgence (OMS, 2018)
Lorsque survient une urgence de santé publique, les gens ont besoin de savoir à quels risques ils sont confrontés, et ce qu’ils peuvent faire pour préserver leur santé et leur vie. Des informations précises diffusées tôt, fréquemment, par des canaux auxquels la population se fie et qu’elle utilise, et dans des langues qu’elle comprend, permettent aux personnes concernées de se protéger, de protéger leur famille et leur communauté des risques sanitaires.
La communication sur les risques est un aspect à part entière des interventions d’urgence. Il s’agit de l’échange en temps réel d’informations, de conseils et d’avis entre les experts, les responsables communautaires, les décideurs politiques et les populations en situation de risque. Lors d’une épidémie, d’une pandémie, d’une crise humanitaire ou d’une catastrophe naturelle, une communication sur les risques efficace permet aux populations les plus exposées de comprendre les comportements à adopter pour se protéger. Ainsi, les autorités et les experts peuvent être à l’écoute des inquiétudes et des besoins, chercher à y répondre et faire en sorte que leurs conseils soient pertinents, fiables et recevables.
L’OMS dispose de manuels, de modules de formation et d’autres orientations pour la communication en situation d’urgence et la communication sur les risques. Ces outils reposent sur l’avis de spécialistes ou sur les enseignements tirés à la suite de catastrophes environnementales de grande ampleur ou de flambées de maladies, telles que le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS) en 2003 ou la pandémie de grippe A(H1N1) en 2009, plutôt que sur des analyses systématiques de données factuelles.
Cliquez ici pour les directives complètes
Communicating Risk in Public Health Emergencies A WHO Guideline for Emergency Risk Communication (ERC) policy and practice (WHO, 2018)
Recent public health emergencies, such as the Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa (2014–2015), the emergence of the Zika virus syndrome in 2015–2016 and multi-country yellow fever outbreaks in Africa in 2016, have highlighted major challenges and gaps in how risk is communicated during epidemics and other health emergencies.
The challenges include the rapid transformation in communications technology, including the near-universal penetration of mobile telephones, the widespread use and increasingly powerful influence of digital media which has had an impact on ‘traditional’ media (newspapers, radio and television), and major changes in how people access and trust health information.
Important gaps include considerations of context – the social, economic, political and cultural factors influencing people’s perception of risk and their risk-reduction behaviours. Finally, guidance is needed on the best approaches for strengthening emergency risk communication (ERC) capacity and sustaining them for potential health emergencies.
The recommendations in these guidelines provide overarching, evidence-based guidance on how risk communication should be practised in an emergency. The recommendations also guide countries on building capacity for communicating risk during health emergencies.
Click here for guidelines.
Activism, Art-ivism and Digital Media to Reduce Marginalisation: Sharing Experiences and Lessons from Brazil, Kenya, Syria, and Costa Rica (eVoices, 2019)
This guide focuses on four emblematic case studies: (i) media activism in Brazil and how favela residents use digital media to foster community engagement and active citizenship; (ii) art-ivism, the use of art to serve activism causes, and how Kenyan artists use digital tools to promote a dialogue around human rights and power structures; (iii) digital media for social good and how development organisations working with displaced populations in Syria use digital technologies to foster peace and reconciliation in the country; and (iv) digital media for active citizenship and how the state of Costa Rica is working with arts and technologies to promote inclusion and well-being among the youth.
Click here for full guide.
Choosing and engaging with citizen-generated data: A guide (Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data, 2018)
This guide is designed for governments, international organizations, and others interested in developing, engaging with and supporting CGD initiatives. It presents a list of distinction criteria between CGD methods, highlights the benefits and pitfalls of CGD, and provides a basis for strategic engagement with CGD. The guide draws from an analytical framework presented in the report Advancing sustainability together? Citizen-generated data and the Sustainable Development Goals. The analytical framework revolves around three aspects: workflows to generate data; participation; and data’s fitness for purpose. The report illustrates these nuances through several case studies and a discussion of how CGD can support implementation and monitoring of the SDGs.
Each section of the guide is accompanied by CGD examples. The guide summarizes experiences from extensive research, and draws inspiration from existing toolkits to recommend civic technologies, as well as the many existing toolkits for participatory mapping, citizen sensing, citizen science and other data-related activities. You can find a list of the tools that inspired us at the end.
Click here for full guide.