توفر التوصيات الواردة في هذه الإرشادات إرشادات شاملة مبنية على الأدلة حول كيفية ممارسة الإبلاغ عن المخاطر في حالات الطوارئ. وتوجه التوصيات أيضًا البلدان حول بناء القدرات للإبلاغ عن المخاطر أثناء حالات الطوارئ الصحية.
قم بتنزيل الإرشادات الكاملة:
Communication du risque pendant les urgences sanitaires Directives stratégiques et pratiques de l’OMS pour la communication sur les risques en situation d’urgence (OMS, 2018)
Lorsque survient une urgence de santé publique, les gens ont besoin de savoir à quels risques ils sont confrontés, et ce qu’ils peuvent faire pour préserver leur santé et leur vie. Des informations précises diffusées tôt, fréquemment, par des canaux auxquels la population se fie et qu’elle utilise, et dans des langues qu’elle comprend, permettent aux personnes concernées de se protéger, de protéger leur famille et leur communauté des risques sanitaires.
La communication sur les risques est un aspect à part entière des interventions d’urgence. Il s’agit de l’échange en temps réel d’informations, de conseils et d’avis entre les experts, les responsables communautaires, les décideurs politiques et les populations en situation de risque. Lors d’une épidémie, d’une pandémie, d’une crise humanitaire ou d’une catastrophe naturelle, une communication sur les risques efficace permet aux populations les plus exposées de comprendre les comportements à adopter pour se protéger. Ainsi, les autorités et les experts peuvent être à l’écoute des inquiétudes et des besoins, chercher à y répondre et faire en sorte que leurs conseils soient pertinents, fiables et recevables.
L’OMS dispose de manuels, de modules de formation et d’autres orientations pour la communication en situation d’urgence et la communication sur les risques. Ces outils reposent sur l’avis de spécialistes ou sur les enseignements tirés à la suite de catastrophes environnementales de grande ampleur ou de flambées de maladies, telles que le syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (SRAS) en 2003 ou la pandémie de grippe A(H1N1) en 2009, plutôt que sur des analyses systématiques de données factuelles.
Cliquez ici pour les directives complètes
Communicating Risk in Public Health Emergencies A WHO Guideline for Emergency Risk Communication (ERC) policy and practice (WHO, 2018)
Recent public health emergencies, such as the Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa (2014–2015), the emergence of the Zika virus syndrome in 2015–2016 and multi-country yellow fever outbreaks in Africa in 2016, have highlighted major challenges and gaps in how risk is communicated during epidemics and other health emergencies.
The challenges include the rapid transformation in communications technology, including the near-universal penetration of mobile telephones, the widespread use and increasingly powerful influence of digital media which has had an impact on ‘traditional’ media (newspapers, radio and television), and major changes in how people access and trust health information.
Important gaps include considerations of context – the social, economic, political and cultural factors influencing people’s perception of risk and their risk-reduction behaviours. Finally, guidance is needed on the best approaches for strengthening emergency risk communication (ERC) capacity and sustaining them for potential health emergencies.
The recommendations in these guidelines provide overarching, evidence-based guidance on how risk communication should be practised in an emergency. The recommendations also guide countries on building capacity for communicating risk during health emergencies.
Click here for guidelines.
The IDEAS (Innovating, Designing, Evaluating and Applying to Small-scale projects) Guide and Facilitators’ Guide (RMIT University 2016)
The IDEAS Guide is intended for organisations and people who are doing small media and communication projects. ‘IDEAS’ refers to Innovating Designing Evaluating and Applying to Small-scale. The IDEAS Guide leads users through the process of designing a project, and thinking about the project’s evaluation, with a focus on how to do useful evaluation for learning and continual project improvement. It is designed to cater for a range of different skill levels in evaluation.
The Facilitators’ Guide was developed to accompany the IDEAS Guide to help facilitators run workshops to effectively support capacity development for individuals working in grassroots and community organisations who might have little or no experience of evaluation. It may also be helpful for more experienced practitioners.
The IDEAS Guide and the Facilitators’ Guide are co-created resources, developed with feedback and contributions from media and communication practitioners as part of an action-research initiative. The co-creation process included two workshops where the tools were trialled and developed at different stages of the project.
The guides were developed in the context of a specific program (the PACMAS Innovation Fund) in the Pacific, however, the authors hope that guides can be adapted for use beyond this original context.
Click here for full guides.
An overview of the IDEAS Guide launch written by co-author Jessica Noske-Turner can be found at: http://c4dnetwork.apps-1and1.net/the-ideas-guide-learning-and-evaluating-at-a-small-scale-launch-of-new-c4d-resource/
Factors Impacting the Effectiveness of Community Health Worker Behavior Change: A Literature Review (Health Communication Capacity Collaborative 2015)
Social and behavior change communication (SBCC), which uses communication to positively influence the social dimensions of health and well-being, is an important strategy for improving health services at the provider level. As community health workers (CHWs) play an increasingly important role in providing health services, there is also an increasing focus on to how to use SBCC strategies to build CHWs’ capacity to offer quality services to the community members they serve. A key step in designing and implementing effective SBCC programs for CHWs is understanding the barriers and facilitators that effect CHWs in providing these services.
The aim of this literature review is to examine the barriers and facilitators to CHW service provision in three areas: knowledge and competency barriers in which CHWs lack the skills and knowledge to provide services, structural and contextual barriers in which systemic and environmental factors influence CHWs’ ability to provide services, and motivational barriers in which social norms and attitudes that effect CHWs willingness to provide services. In all three areas, findings revealed that CHWs face significant barriers,ranging from lack of materials and high workloads to ingrained attitudes and insufficient training. The results and recommendations in this paper can be used to anticipate and respond to potential barriers and promote facilitators to service provision through SBCC programs for CHWs.
Click here for full review.